Have you ever ever felt unsure parking in a shady space? Particularly, have you ever ever parked in San Francisco and puzzled, if I measured the common inverse sq. distance to each car incident recorded by the SFPD within the final yr, at what percentile would my present location fall?
In that case, we constructed an app for that. On this submit we’ll clarify our methodology and its implementation.
Parking in San Francisco
Car-related break-ins and thefts are notoriously frequent in San Francisco. Simply final week, gadgets price half 1,000,000 {dollars} had been stolen in a high-profile automobile housebreaking. There’s even a Twitter account monitoring incidents.
The San Francisco Police Division maintains an ongoing dataset of all incidents since January 1, 2018 (there’s one other one for 2003-2018).
The San Francisco Chronicle has created a nice map visualization from this to trace break-ins. We wished to make this knowledge much more actionable, to assist asses the safety of parking in a selected location in real-time.
Therefore, the motivating query: if I’m trying to park in SF, how can I get a way of how secure my present spot is?
Defining a Threat Rating
After all, the danger of a parking spot will be measured in many alternative qualitative and quantitative methods. We selected a quantitative measure, admittedly fairly arbitrary, as the common inverse sq. of the gap between the parking location and each break-in location previously yr.
This simply provides a numerical rating. We then consider this rating throughout a consultant pattern of parking spots throughout SF, and place the present parking spot at a percentile inside that pattern. The upper the rating, the nearer the spot is to historic incidents (inverse of distance), the upper the danger.
We determined to construct a cell app for exhibiting how safe your parking spot is.
Now, we simply have to make use of the information to compute the danger rating percentile. For this process, we’ll load the SFPD knowledge right into a Rockset assortment and question it upon a consumer clicking the button.
Loading the Information
To get began shortly, we’ll merely obtain the information as a CSV and add the file into a brand new assortment.
Later, we are able to arrange a periodic job to ahead the dataset into the gathering through the API, in order that it all the time stays updated.
Filtering the Information
Let’s swap over to the question tab and check out writing a question to filter all the way down to the incidents we care about. There are a couple of situations we wish to test:
- Preliminary report. In line with the knowledge documentation, data can’t be edited as soon as they’re filed, so some data are filed as “supplemental” to an present incident. We will filter these out by on the lookout for the phrase “Preliminary” within the report kind description.
- Inside SF. The documentation additionally specifies that some incidents happen outdoors SF, and that such incidents may have the worth “Out of SF” within the police district subject.
- Final yr. The dataset gives a datetime subject, which we are able to parse and guarantee is inside the final 12 months.
- Geolocation accessible. We discover some rows are lacking the latitude and longitude fields, as a substitute having an empty string. We’ll merely ignore these data by filtering them out.
Placing all these situations collectively, we are able to prune down from 242,012 data on this dataset to simply the 28,224 related car incidents, packaged up right into a WITH question.
Calculating a Threat Rating, One Spot
Now that now we have all car incidents within the final yr, let’s see if we are able to calculate the safety rating for San Francisco Metropolis Corridor, which has a latitude of 37.7793° N and longitude of 122.4193° W.
Utilizing some good previous math methods (radius occasions angle in radians to get arc size, approximating arc size as straight-line distance, and Pythagorean theorem), we are able to compute the gap in miles to every previous incident:
We mixture these distances utilizing our components from above, and voila!
For our app, we’ll exchange the latitude/longitude of Metropolis Corridor with parameters coming from the consumer’s browser location.
Pattern of Parking Spots in SF
So we are able to calculate a danger rating—1.63 for Metropolis Corridor—however that’s meaningless except we are able to evaluate it to the opposite parking spots in SF. We have to discover a consultant set of all potential parking spots in SF and compute the danger rating for every to get a distribution of danger scores.
Seems, the SFMTA has precisely what we want—subject surveys are carried out to depend the variety of on-street parking spots and their outcomes are printed as an open dataset. We’ll add this into Rockset as effectively!
Let’s see what this dataset comprises:
For every avenue, let’s pull out the latitude/longitude values (simply the primary level, shut sufficient approximation), depend of spots, and a novel identifier (casting varieties as mandatory):
Calculating Threat Rating, Each Spot in SF
Now, let’s attempt calculating a rating for every of those factors, similar to we did above for Metropolis Corridor:
And there now we have it! A parking danger rating for every avenue phase in SF. This can be a heavy question, so to lighten the load we’ve really sampled 5% of every streets and incidents.
(Coming quickly to Rockset: geo-indexing—be careful for a weblog submit about that within the coming weeks!)
Let’s stash the outcomes of this question in one other assortment in order that we are able to use it to calculate percentiles. We first create a brand new empty assortment:
Now we run an INSERT INTO sf_risk_scores SELECT ... question, bumping as much as 10% sampling on each incidents and streets:
Rating Threat Rating as Percentile
Now let’s get a percentile for Metropolis Corridor in opposition to the pattern we’ve inserted into sf_risk_scores. We preserve our spot rating calculation as we had at first, however now additionally depend what p.c of our sampled parking spots are safer than the present spot.
Parking-Spot-Threat-Rating-as-a-Service
Now that now we have an arguably helpful question, let’s flip it into an app!
We’ll preserve it easy—we’ll create an AWS Lambda perform that may serve two kinds of requests. On GET requests, it is going to serve an area index.html file, which serves because the UI. On POST requests, it is going to parse question params for lat and lon and cross them on as parameters within the final question above. The lambda code seems like this:
import json
from botocore.vendored import requests
import os
ROCKSET_APIKEY = os.environ.get('ROCKSET_APIKEY')
QUERY_TEXT = """
WITH vehicle_incidents AS (
SELECT
*
FROM
sf_incidents TABLESAMPLE BERNOULLI(10)
WHERE
"Incident Subcategory" IN (
'Motor Car Theft',
'Motor Car Theft (Tried)',
'Larceny - Auto Components',
'Theft From Car',
'Larceny - From Car'
)
AND "Report Kind Description" LIKE '%Preliminary%'
AND "Police District" <> 'Out of SF'
AND PARSE_DATETIME('%Y/%m/%d %r', "Incident Datetime") > CURRENT_DATE() - INTERVAL 12 MONTH
AND LENGTH("Latitude") > 0
AND LENGTH("Longitude") > 0
),
spot_score AS (
SELECT
AVG(
1 / (
POW(
(vehicle_incidents."Latitude"::float - :lat) * (3.1415 / 180) * 3959,
2
) + POW(
(vehicle_incidents."Longitude"::float - :lon) * (3.1415 / 180) * 3959,
2
)
)
) as "Threat Rating"
FROM
vehicle_incidents
),
total_count AS (
SELECT
SUM("Depend") "Depend"
FROM
sf_risk_scores
),
safer_count AS (
SELECT
SUM(sf_risk_scores."Depend") "Depend"
FROM
sf_risk_scores,
spot_score
WHERE
sf_risk_scores."Threat Rating" < spot_score."Threat Rating"
)
SELECT
100.0 * safer_count."Depend" / total_count."Depend" "Percentile",
spot_score."Threat Rating"
FROM
safer_count, total_count, spot_score
"""
def lambda_handler(occasion, context):
if occasion['httpMethod'] == 'GET':
f = open('index.html', 'r')
return {
'statusCode': 200,
'physique': f.learn(),
'headers': {
'Content material-Kind': 'textual content/html',
}
}
elif occasion['httpMethod'] == 'POST':
res = requests.submit(
'https://api.rs2.usw2.rockset.com/v1/orgs/self/queries',
headers={
'Content material-Kind': 'software/json',
'Authorization': 'ApiKey %s' % ROCKSET_APIKEY
},
knowledge=json.dumps({
'sql': {
'question': QUERY_TEXT,
'parameters': [
{
'name': 'lat',
'type': 'float',
'value': event['queryStringParameters']['lat']
},
{
'identify': 'lon',
'kind': 'float',
'worth': occasion['queryStringParameters']['lon']
}
]
}
})).json()
return {
'statusCode': 200,
'physique': json.dumps(res),
'headers': {
'Content material-Kind': 'software/json',
}
}
else:
return {
'statusCode': 405,
'physique': 'methodology not allowed'
}
For the client-side, we write a script to fetch the browser’s location after which name the backend:
perform getLocation() {
doc.getElementById("location-button").model.show = "none";
showMessage("fetching");
if (navigator.geolocation) {
navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition(handleLocation, perform (error) {
showMessage("denied")
});
} else {
showMessage("unsupported")
}
}
perform handleLocation(place) {
showMessage("querying");
var lat = place.coords.latitude;
var lon = place.coords.longitude;
fetch(
'https://aj8wl2pz30.execute-api.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/default/sf-parking?lat=" + lat + "&lon=' + lon,
{ methodology: 'POST' }
).then(perform (response) {
return response.json();
}).then(perform (end result) {
setResult(end result['results'][0]);
showMessage("end result");
doc.getElementById("tile").model.justifyContent = "begin";
});
}
perform setResult(end result) {
doc.getElementById('rating').textContent = parseFloat(end result['Risk Score']).toFixed(3);
doc.getElementById('percentile').textContent = parseFloat(end result['Percentile']).toFixed(3);
if (end result['Percentile'] == 0) {
doc.getElementById('zero').model.show = "block";
}
}
perform showMessage(messageId) {
var messages = doc.getElementsByClassName("message");
for (var i = 0; i < messages.size; i++) {
messages[i].model.show = "none";
}
doc.getElementById(messageId).model.show = "block";
}
To complete it off, we add API Gateway as a set off for our lambda and drop a Rockset API key into the atmosphere, which might all be executed within the AWS Console.
Conclusion
To summarize what we did right here:
- We took two pretty simple datasets—one for incidents reported by SPFD and one for parking spots reported by SFMTA—and loaded the information into Rockset.
- A number of iterations of SQL later, we had an API we may name to fetch a danger rating for a given geolocation.
- We wrote some easy code into an AWS Lambda to serve this as a cell internet app.
The one software program wanted was an online browser (obtain the information, question in Rockset Console, and deploy in AWS Console), and all informed this took lower than a day to construct, from concept to manufacturing. The supply code for the lambda is out there right here.
